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Vitamin B6

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble type of B vitamin. It can be found in certain foods such as cereals, beans, vegetables, liver, meat, and eggs. It is also used for heart disease, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), depression, and many other conditions. It is required for the proper function of sugars, fats, and proteins in the body. It is also required for the proper growth and development of the brain, nerves, skin, and many other parts of the body. 

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is a water soluble essential vitamin. This means that the body requires vitamin B12 to work properly. Vitamin B12 can be found in foods such as meat, fish, and dairy products. It can also be made in a laboratory.  Vitamin B12 is required for the proper function and development of the brain, nerves, blood cells, and many other parts of the body.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C (vitamin C) occurs naturally in foods such as citrus fruit, tomatoes, potatoes, and leafy vegetables. Vitamin C is important for bones and connective tissues, muscles, and blood vessels. Vitamin C also helps the body absorb iron, which is needed for red blood cell production.

Choline Bitartrate

Choline is similar to the B vitamins. It can be made in the liver. It is also found in foods such as liver, muscle meats, fish, nuts, beans, peas, spinach, wheat germ, and eggs.  Choline is used for liver disease, including chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. It is also used for depression and memory loss.  Athletes use it for bodybuilding and delaying fatigue in endurance sports.

Choline is similar to a B vitamin. It is used in many chemical reactions in the body. Choline seems to be an important in the nervous system.

Citrulline Malate

L-citrulline is a naturally occurring amino acid. It is found in some foods like watermelons and is also produced naturally by the body. L-citrulline is used by mouth for heart failure and improving athletic performance. It is also used for sickle cell disease, erectile dysfunction, high blood pressure in the lungs, and many other conditions. 

The body changes L-citrulline into another amino acid called L-arginine and also to a chemical called nitric oxide. L-citrulline might help increase the supply of ingredients the body needs to make certain proteins. It might also help open up veins and arteries to improve blood flow and reduce blood pressure. 

Branch-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)

Branched-chain amino acids are essential nutrients that the body obtains from proteins found in food, especially meat, dairy products, and legumes. They include leucine, isoleucine, and valine. “Branched-chain” refers to the chemical structure of these amino acids. People use branched-chain amino acids for medicine. Branched-chain amino acids are used for many other conditions and may be taken by athletes to improve athletic performance, prevent fatigue, improve concentration, and reduce muscle breakdown during intense exercise.

Branched-chain amino acids stimulate the building of protein in muscle and possibly reduce muscle breakdown.

Beta Alanine

Beta-alanine is a non-essential amino acid. Non-essential amino acids can be made by the body, so they don’t have to be provided by food. Most amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. However, some like beta-alanine are used to make other chemicals in the body. 

Beta-alanine is commonly used by mouth for improving athletic performance and exercise capacity, building lean muscle mass, and improving physical functioning in the elderly.

Betaine Anhydrous

Betaine anhydrous is a chemical that occurs naturally in the body. It can also be found in foods such as beets, spinach, cereals, seafood, and wine. Betaine anhydrous is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of high urine levels of a chemical called homocysteine (homocystinuria) in people with certain inherited disorders. High homocysteine levels are associated with heart disease, weak bones (osteoporosis), skeletal problems, and eye lens problems. 

Betaine anhydrous supplements are most commonly used for reducing blood homocysteine levels and trying to improve athletic performance.

L-Arginine

L-arginine is a chemical building block called “an amino acid.” It is obtained from the diet and is necessary for the body to make proteins. L-arginine is found in red meat, poultry, fish, and dairy products. It can also be made in a laboratory and used as medicine.

L-arginine is converted in the body into a chemical called nitric oxide. Nitric oxide causes blood vessels to open wider for improved blood flow. L-arginine also stimulates the release of growth hormone, insulin, and other substances in the body.

L-Taurine

Taurine is often referred to as an amino acid. Amino acids are the building block of proteins. But taurine is actually an amino sulfonic acid. It is not used to build protein but has many other important functions in the body. Taurine is found in large amounts in the brain, retina, heart, and blood cells called platelets. The best food sources are meat, fish, and eggs. It is also used for athletic performance, boosting energy, diabetes, and other conditions.

Taurine has important functions in the heart and brain, including supporting nerve growth. 

Caffeine

Caffeine is a chemical found in coffee, tea, cola, guarana, mate, and other products. Caffeine is most commonly used to improve mental alertness, but it has many other uses. Caffeine is one of the most commonly used stimulants among athletes. Taking caffeine seems to increase physical strength and endurance and might delay exhaustion during exercise. It might also reduce feelings of exertion and improve performance during activities such as cycling, running, playing soccer, and golfing. 

Caffeine works by stimulating the central nervous system (CNS), heart, muscles, and the centers that control blood pressure. Caffeine can raise blood pressure, but might not have this effect in people who use it all the time. Caffeine can also act like a “water pill” that increases urine flow. But again, it may not have this effect in people who use caffeine regularly. Also, drinking caffeine during moderate exercise is not likely to cause dehydration. 

L-Tyrosine

Tyrosine is an amino acid. The body makes tyrosine from another amino acid called phenylalanine. Tyrosine can also be found in dairy products, meats, fish, eggs, nuts, beans, oats, and wheat.  

Tyrosine is most commonly used in protein supplements to treat an inherited disorder called phenylketonuria (PKU). People who have this disorder can’t process phenylalanine properly. As a result they can’t make tyrosine. To meet their bodies’ needs, supplemental tyrosine is given.

Tyrosine is also commonly used to improve learning, memory, and alertness, especially during stressful situations. The body uses tyrosine to make chemical messengers that are involved in conditions involving the brain such as mental alertness.  

Norvaline

L-norvaline is a uniquely structured and water-soluble essential amino acid that is derived from the branch chain amino acid, valine. It is an isomer that branches out from valine and is commonly taken to aid in fueling muscle growth. L-norvaline supports the body’s arginine concentrations.  L-norvaline needs to be obtained through food and supplementation

When you lift, the blood vessels dilate and cause blood pressure to reduce. This is what many know as vasodilation. With L-norvaline in the mix, it increases vasodilation and allows for greater pumps that will last longer.

Theobromine

Theobromine is an organic compound that comes from the cacao plant. Formerly known as xantheose, it has effects on the body similar to caffeine. Theobromine is a vasodilator. Therefore, it helps widen the blood vessels. Moderate doses of theobromine can enhance the mood and brain effects that caffeine causes without the adverse side effects. 

Bioperine® (Black Pepper Fruit Extact)

Bioperine® is a patented extract obtained from Black Pepper Fruits. Along with various nutrients, it enhances their bioavailability. It have been found to increase nutrient absorbtion rate by at least 30%.

Huperzine-A

Huperzine-A is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which means it boosts levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in your brain.

Huperzine-A helps promote memory by increasing acetylcholine levels. Users report improved memory, retention, cognition, and lucid dreaming.